The Hebrew word for stacte is "nataph."  It means to ooze, or to distill gradually, or by implication, to fall in drops.  Figuratively it means to speak by inspiration, or prophesy.  (Strong's 05197) 

The Holy Spirit takes our prayers and distills them, making them pure.  The Bible says we do not know how to pray as we should, so the Holy Spirit intercedes for us according to the will of God.  (Romans 8:26)  We can ask the Holy Spirit to do that for us. When stacte is burned it gives off a very sweet fragrance a little like vanilla.

The Hebrew root of onycha is "shachal."  It means to roar like a lion.  (Strong's 07826)  The ingredient used in the incense was the door, or membrane, that covered the entrance to the shell of a sea snail.  (see below)  It really makes you think of a stone rolled in front of a tomb.  Jesus rose from the dead, conquering sin, death, and the devil.  We need to believe that when we pray.  We can believe all of the promises in God's word, and pray them back to Him in praise.  

When onycha is burned it smells like burning hair, and also emits a slightly fishy odor.

The Hebrew word for galbanum is "chelbenah."  The root word is "cheleb" meaning to be fat.  Figuratively, it means to give the best or the finest part.  (Strong's 02459).  Abel gave his best, fat sheep as a sacrifice to God and God accepted it.  (see "fat" in Genesis 4:4)  Galbanum is used to fix and enhance the other fragrances in the perfume.  When  galbanum is burned many different odors linger for a long time.  

We need to live a sacrificed life.  We need to give God our best.  (see Romans 12:1)  That way our lives will be a sweet smelling sacrifice, and a pleasing aroma to God.  

The Hebrew root of frankincense is "laban."  It means "white."  It is well known that frankincense represents the blood of Jesus.  In ancient times frankincense was more expensive than gold.  The tree was cut and the sap bled out forming little "tears" that hardened into resin.  The tears were beaten into very fine powder. The smoke was white.  Jesus' blood makes us "white."

Stacte, onycha, galbanum, and frankincense were not the only ingredients in the incense that was made for the golden altar.  According to Edersheim ("The Temple: Its Ministry and Services" page 124), there were seven other spices along with an herb that made a lot of smoke.  No one has the recipe now.  God forbade the people to make or use the sacred incense outside of the temple. The reason for that is probably found in Leviticus 17:7

 

The fact that the incense was salted means that it was, in fact, some sort of sacrifice.  For God had said, "With all your offerings you shall offer salt."  Leviticus 2:13  But what kind of a sacrifice was it?  When you sum it all up, it comes down to one thing; a sacrificed life. 

Jesus was the fulfillment of all Old Testament types.  He lived the perfect life, and became the perfect sacrifice for our sins.  For it is not possible that the blood of bulls and goats should take away sins...  But this Man, after He had offered one sacrifice for sins forever, sat down at the right hand of God.  Hebrews 10:4 +12    Salt was symbolic of eternal life. 

Once a year, on the Day of Atonement, the high priest would sprinkle some blood on the four horns of the golden altar of incense.  (see Leviticus 16:18)  That blood was a shadow, or a "foretype" of the blood of Jesus.  The writer of the book of Hebrews said, "Therefore, brethren, having boldness to enter the Holiest by the blood of Jesus."  Heb. 10:19 

The golden altar of incense was made out of acacia wood and covered with beaten gold.  The gold itself represented God's love.  Jesus was beaten for us.